Can a bad fuse cause a car to sputter and then die

Hello,

It will depend on what is the exact symptom you are experiencing.
If you have a relay that controls the fuel pump, go out, then the engine will stall due to fuel exhaustion.

Best course of action would be to take a look at few items step by step.
What happens when you try to start the vehicle?
Does it crank over or just clicks or does not make any noise?
Have you tried to jump start the vehicle?
If you are able to jump start it but it does not stay running, it could be a bad alternator.

https://www.2carpros.com/articles/how-to-check-a-car-alternator

If the engine cranks but does not start, it could be due to not getting any fuel or spark.
When you turn on the key, do you hear the fuel pump come on?

An inoperative fuel pump can be due to a bad fuel pump relay, faulty wiring, or a bad fuel pump.
Check the relay. This relay can be tested for functionality:

https://www.2carpros.com/articles/how-to-check-an-electrical-relay-and-wiring-control-circuit

Please let me know more details of what you are experiencing.

Thank you.