Free Auto Repair Advice by Certified ASE Technicians
Troubleshooting
/ Power Steering
Failure
Power Steering Troubleshooting
A power steering system is designed to utilize power from the
engine to assist in the force needed to steer the vehicle. When the engine is
running, a multi ribbed belt is used to transfer engine power to a hydraulic
fluid pump. This pump pressurizes fluid and then transfers this fluid using
power steering hoses that are connected to a power steering box or rack and
pinion depending on how the car is designed. When the power steering system has
malfunctioned the vehicle will be very difficult to steer. It is advised not
to move a vehicle with the power steering system not operating. Any steering
component malfunction can cause the vehicle to be uncontrollable. When a
malfunction occurs basic troubleshooting is required, we have listed some of the
most common problems below:
Power Steering Rack
Troubleshooting Procedure
A. Check Power Steering System Fluid Level. The power steering
system utilizes hydraulic fluid to transfer force from the
power steering
pump, the rack and pinion or steering box, without fluid the system cannot function.
Check the power steering fluid level by locating the power steering fluid reservoir
and remove the cap (twist counter clockwise). Most systems have a fluid level dip
stick mounted inside the cap. If the fluid level is down or there is no fluid in
the reservoir the system has a leak. Inspect the entire power steering system: pump,
hoses and rack and pinion or box assembly, replace worn or broken components as
needed. Refill system with manufacturers recommended fluids then start
engine (hands
away from engine) and turn
steering
wheel from lock to lock several times. Shut the engine off and recheck fluid
level, allow system to stand for a period of time to allow air in the fluid
(aeration) to dissipate. Check fluid level and fill as needed.
Power Steering Cap
B. Check
The Drive
Belt. The power steering pump is driven either by a
multi
rib belt or a �V� belt which is used to transfer energy from the engine to the hydraulic
steering pump.
If the belt is in poor condition or has failed completely it will render the system
non-operational.
Multi Rib Belt
C. Power Steering Pump Failure.
The power steering
system depends on a hydraulic pump to supply the fluid pressure needed to
operate the system. If the pump fails internally, the pressure needed to operate
the system is not present rendering the system non-operational. The power
steering pump must be replaced and refilled with fluid. (Note: some power
steering pump pulleys are pressed on and require a specialized tool to be
removed and replaced).
For exact specific repair procedures for any of the steps above visit our
online repair
manual page.
Troubleshooting
/ Power Steering
Failure
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