There are basically two styles of vehicle steering systems,
rack and pinion and worm gear box.
Rack and pinion steering is one of the oldest types of steering systems and is still
used today. Inside the rack body a flat rack gear moves in a linear direction driven
by a circular gear called a pinion. The steering wheel is connected to the pinion
gear (shaft).
Rack and Pinion Steering
The rack gear is connected to an inner tie rod end that is covered by a rubber
bellow. The inner tie rod end is connected to the outer tie rod end. These rod ends
have the ability to move in any linear direction. Finally, the tie rod end is connected
to the wheel spindle.
Rack Bellow, Inner Tie Rod, Outer Tie Rod End
Tie Rod End
A worm gear box style of steering system is constructed of two main parts much
like the rack and pinion style system. The main part is called a worm gear; the
other is a selector shaft gear. The worm gear is connected to the pitman arm and
then to a center link and tie rod ends. The opposing end of the center link is supported
by an idler arm, which is located on the opposite side of the frame from the steering
box.
Steering Box (worm)
Steering can be either power or manual. Power steering utilizes a hydraulic pump
mounted on the engine, and driven
with a serpentine belt. The fluid in the system is held under pressure until the
wheel is turned which releases the pressure and applies it to the steering system.
The power steering system fluid should be checked at every service interval. Fluid
leaks are a common problem on power steering systems. When a leak is detected inspect
the system to determine the course of action, then remove damaged or worn parts
and reassemble. Refill system with approved fluid for you particular vehicle. When
the power steering system is low a groaning noise will be heard when the vehicle
steering is activated. This is caused by the power steering pump scavenging for
fluid and taking in air.
When the engine is off or the system has run completely out of fluid it will
be very difficult to steer the vehicle. It is advised not to move a vehicle
with power steering when either of these conditions exists. Any steering component
malfunction can cause the vehicle to be uncontrollable. All steering components
should be inspected for "play" at regular intervals and replaced as needed. When
steering components are replaced an alignment is required. Power steering system
maintenance is required periodically according to the manufacturer's instructions
for your vehicle. Most manufacturers recommend having the hydraulic fluid in the
power steering system changed every 60,000 miles.
If further technical assistance is needed, our certified car repair technicians
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