How can a burnt-out indicator lamp for charging affect the charging system?

Hello FIXMYPROBLEM,

It shouldn't affect it at all. It's warning you telling you the battery isn't charging correctly.

Could be a bad alternator, bad belt or tensioner, poor connection at the battery terminals, bad battery, as well as a bad voltage regulator built into the alternator. The alternator might test fine but still have a faulty regulator if the issue is intermittent and doesn't occur during testing.

What other symptoms are you experiencing that would lead you to believe it was the burnt-out light causing the issue?

Let me know what you have got going on and let's see if we can get it solved.

Thank you,
Brendon