Free Automotive Repair Advice by Certified ASE Technicians
How Does it Work /
Differential
The differential system of a vehicle is something that sounds foreign to many,
yet is one of the most important parts of a vehicle. Without a differential system
a vehicle is unable to handle properly when traveling around corners, curves or
turning at all. All vehicles except for motorcycles must include a differential
system. The primary purpose of the differential system is to evenly distribute force
to one wheel or the other depending on the drag. Both wheels will have the same
force when the drag is equal. When a vehicle is in a corner the outside wheels travel
further than the inside wheels, creating a problem. If the all four wheels are forced
to travel the same distance the vehicle will jump and skid, the differential corrects
this problem. On non drive axles no differential system is needed.
A differential is driven by the transmission which is connected to the engine.
The driveshaft connects the transmission to the differential. The differential is
responsible for determining the number of rotations the axles will turn in relation
to the drive shaft, a common Ratio is 2:80, the drive shaft will turn 2.8 times
to one rotation of the wheel. A
differential system consists of a axle housing, axles, gears, planetary gears,
bearing, seals, fluid, backing plates, brakes, assorted bolts and clips.
All Wheel Drive Example (appearance may vary)
Smooth working helical gears are used in a differential, but a slight power loss
is experienced. A Straight cut gear is more efficient but smooth operation is impossible
to achieve. As a normal service practice is necessary to check the differential
fluid level and add as needed. Always inspect fluid condition for metallic flakes,
an indication of a problem. It is advisable to only add the best quality differential
fluid as possible to ensure the proper lubrication of all moving parts. In the event
that you start hearing a
grinding noise coming from the rear of the vehicle, it is vitally important
to inspect the differential thoroughly.
Basic Maintenance
Fluid that has a burnt smell or appears blackish in color should be flushed and
new fluid installed. A differential that is low on fluid can create a differential
operation failure.
How Does it Work
/ Differential
Check Manufacturer Specific Differential
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