The differential system of a vehicle is something that sounds foreign to many,
yet is one of the most important parts of a vehicle. Without a differential system
a vehicle is unable to handle properly when traveling around corners, curves or
turning at all. All vehicles except for motorcycles must include a differential
system. The primary purpose of the differential system is to evenly distribute force
to one wheel or the other depending on the drag. Both
wheels will have the same force when
the drag is equal. When a vehicle is in a corner the outside wheels travel further
than the inside wheels, creating a problem. If all four wheels are forced to travel
the same distance the vehicle will jump and skid, the differential corrects this
problem. On non drive axles no differential system is needed.
Front or Rear Differential Configuration
A differential is driven by the
transmission which is
connected to the engine. The
driveshaft connects the transmission to
the differential. The differential is responsible for determining the number of
rotations the axles will turn in relation to the drive shaft, a common Ratio is
2:80, the drive shaft will turn 2.8 times to one rotation of the wheel. A differential
system consists of an axle housing, axles, gears, planetary gears, bearing, seals,
and fluid, backing plates, brakes,
assorted bolts and clips.
All Wheel Drive Example (appearance may vary)
Smooth working helical gears are used in a differential, but a slight power loss
is experienced. A straight cut gear is more efficient but smooth operation is impossible
to achieve. As a normal service practice it is necessary to check the
differential fluid level and add as
needed. Always inspect fluid condition for metallic flakes, an indication of a problem.
It is advisable to only add the best quality
differential
fluid as possible to ensure the proper lubrication of all moving parts. In the
event that you start hearing a grinding
noise coming from the rear of the vehicle, it is vitally important to inspect
the differential thoroughly.
Basic Maintenance
Fluid that has a burnt smell or appears blackish in color should be flushed and
new fluid installed.
A differential that is low on fluid can create a differential operation failure.
Once a differential has failed it must be
replaced
or repaired.
If further assistance is needed, our certified car repair technicians
are ready to answer your car questions.
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