How a Differential Axle Works
The differential system of a vehicle is something that sounds foreign to many,
yet is one of the most important parts of a vehicle. Without a differential system
a vehicle is unable to handle properly when traveling around corners, curves or
turning at all. All vehicles except for motorcycles must include a differential
system. The primary purpose of the differential system is to evenly distribute force
to one wheel or the other depending on the drag. Both
wheels will have the same force when
the drag is equal. When a vehicle is in a corner the outside wheels travel further
than the inside wheels, creating a problem. If all four wheels are forced to travel
the same distance the vehicle will jump and skid, the differential corrects this
problem. On non drive axles no differential system is needed.
Front or Rear Differential Configuration A differential is driven by the transmission which is connected to the engine. The driveshaft connects the transmission to the differential. The differential is responsible for determining the number of rotations the axles will turn in relation to the drive shaft, a common Ratio is 2:80, the drive shaft will turn 2.8 times to one rotation of the wheel. A differential system consists of an axle housing, axles, gears, planetary gears, bearing, seals, and fluid, backing plates, brakes, assorted bolts and clips.
All Wheel Drive Example (appearance may vary) Smooth working helical gears are used in a differential, but a slight power loss is experienced. A straight cut gear is more efficient but smooth operation is impossible to achieve. As a normal service practice it is necessary to check the differential fluid level and add as needed. Always inspect fluid condition for metallic flakes, an indication of a problem. It is advisable to only add the best quality differential fluid as possible to ensure the proper lubrication of all moving parts. In the event that you start hearing a grinding noise coming from the rear of the vehicle, it is vitally important to inspect the differential thoroughly. Basic Maintenance Fluid that has a burnt smell or appears blackish in color should be flushed and new fluid installed. A differential that is low on fluid can create a differential operation failure. Once a differential has failed it must be replaced or repaired. If further assistance is needed, our certified car repair technicians are ready to answer your car questions. Related Car Repair Information
Front or Rear Differential Configuration A differential is driven by the transmission which is connected to the engine. The driveshaft connects the transmission to the differential. The differential is responsible for determining the number of rotations the axles will turn in relation to the drive shaft, a common Ratio is 2:80, the drive shaft will turn 2.8 times to one rotation of the wheel. A differential system consists of an axle housing, axles, gears, planetary gears, bearing, seals, and fluid, backing plates, brakes, assorted bolts and clips.
All Wheel Drive Example (appearance may vary) Smooth working helical gears are used in a differential, but a slight power loss is experienced. A straight cut gear is more efficient but smooth operation is impossible to achieve. As a normal service practice it is necessary to check the differential fluid level and add as needed. Always inspect fluid condition for metallic flakes, an indication of a problem. It is advisable to only add the best quality differential fluid as possible to ensure the proper lubrication of all moving parts. In the event that you start hearing a grinding noise coming from the rear of the vehicle, it is vitally important to inspect the differential thoroughly. Basic Maintenance Fluid that has a burnt smell or appears blackish in color should be flushed and new fluid installed. A differential that is low on fluid can create a differential operation failure. Once a differential has failed it must be replaced or repaired. If further assistance is needed, our certified car repair technicians are ready to answer your car questions. Related Car Repair Information
- Differential Questions
- How to Replace a Differential
- How to Service Differential Fluid
- How an Automatic Transmission Works
- How an Universal Joint Works
- How to Check Differential Fluid Level
- Why is My Car Making A Grinding Noise?