1997 Saturn SC2 Stick locked out on '97 Saturn SC2

I was changing from first to second gear in my car and I didn't hold the clutch down far enough. I heard a k-k-k-chh sound, and the stick got seems to have been disconnected from the actual changing of gears; the stick only moves between the first and second gear spots, and doesn't seem to affect anything when I move it.

First, I drove it the rest of the way home with only 1st gear and idling. Next, I took off the storage compartment on top of the cover of the stick, then I took off the giant plastic cover of the stick (taking screws out on the way). There was a plastic piece that seemed to fit in the hole where the rod from the stick shift comes out towards the engine (still in the cabin of the car) so I put it back in, but this didn't change anything. I am a new driver, so I just want to know if there is anything I can do to fix this without taking it to a garage.

Thank you for reading this!